It is difficult to fathom the impact a teacher can make in a student's life, especially when he or she has a difficult home life. Growing up, Glen Parker, a 1933 Pauline High graduate, lived in constant fear of the frequent horse-whippings he suffered at the hands of his father. He bore scars on his back all of his life from those beatings. In two letters to the web editor, he commented on a memorable teacher he'd encountered at Pauline School:
"(Gladys) Frisch, I thought, was the most remarkable of them all. During her youth she had suffered polio. She walked with a limp and had one shrunken leg, but her true nature overshadowed any or all blemishes she could have had. While not Hollywood beautiful at all, she was one of the most beautiful persons I had ever met in my whole life up to that time."
When asked to elaborate, Parker, referring to Frisch as "my favorite, precious, little teacher," wrote that she was "the only teacher I ever had who had the art of lifting me up and making me feel I was better than dirt. She was, probably to me, my first angel. Because of her own affliction, she had been through much and had learned many lessons from all of it. There is no way anyone could have saw her physically as beautiful because of her bent and disfigured being, and she had the saddest pair of eyes I ever looked into. She touched me deeper than any sermon I ever heard from any pulpit in my whole life. In the Love of Christ, I really loved this little soul. It's even pleasant to this day to think about her. I wonder if she is still living – if not, I wonder where they buried her."
– Glen Parker, letters to Carla S. Post, Febr. 4 and 18, 1998
Editor's Note: In a letter written to the web editor in 1997, one-time Pauline School teacher Eleanor Husman Barrows recounted her teaching career some 60 years after the fact. At that time, she was in her mid-80s and still actively teaching Sunday School at Hastings' First Presbyterian Church.
"I graduated from Lincoln High School in Los Angeles in 1930. My school principal was Ethel Percy Andrus. Later, she was the founder of AARP and the Retired Teachers' Association of the U.S.A. That summer my parents, Ernest and Florence Husman, and my sister Dorothy and I moved back to Nebraska. That fall I enrolled at Hastings College.
"After two years of classes, I had no more funds to continue my education. However, I did have a teaching certificate. I signed a contract to teach the District 26 school of Adams County for $60.00 a month. I had never attended a rural school, nor even visited one. I had a lot to learn! There were 19 pupils in all eight grades. I taught the subjects and swept the floor."
by Eleanor Husman Barrows
"The following summer (1933) Mrs. Aaron (Hazel) Jones drove into our farmyard one day. She reported that Mary Burton had just resigned as Primary teacher in Pauline. Hazel wanted me to apply for the position. She said that she liked the way that I taught her children in Pauline Methodist Church Sunday School.
"I did apply very soon. First I went to the Pauline grocery store to talk to board member Owen Evans (store proprietor). Next, I drove to the home of John Von Nordheim. He lived in a very large house north of Pauline (My sister, Dorothy Brader, now lives at that site.). My final school board visit was to Bill Moss, our neighbor. Each board member told me that they would get together and then tell me their decision.
"I did not have to wait very long. I was soon told that I had the position of Primary teacher in Pauline. Thus began five happy years in the Pauline School system. It was an awesome responsibility to be the only teacher some of those children ever had for four years."
by Eleanor Husman Barrows
"Leona Schafer was the Grammar Room teacher. We worked together
"Later high school faculty members whom I remember were Catherine Nail, Lucy Panek, and Schuyler and Onita Phillips. Catherine Nail confided in me that she was married, but she said, "Do not tell anyone." She was afraid that she would lose her teaching position. I did not quite understand, as Pauline already had one married woman teacher - Leona. I kept Catherine's secret. I remember that Lucy Panek was outgoing and fun to be with."
by Eleanor Husman Barrows
"Leona Schafer and I scheduled our room recesses at different times so that each group would have the full playground. I always went outside with my pupils. We played circle and running games. Also, we had ball games. I was coach and umpire. We had a lot of fun.
"The Pauline School held community-school functions. I can't remember whether or not they were called PTAs. I was president of the group for one year. We presented programs, especially at Christmas. I could play the piano just enough so that we could sing and have a rhythm band. Sometimes we took our rhythm band to perform with other schools of the county."
by Eleanor Husman Barrows
"I thoroughly enjoyed my relationship with my students. I always felt that we were like a family. Our enrollment was never too large - 20 or less. Those children who lived in Pauline went home for lunch. The rest of us had sack lunches and ate together. I well remember the day that some of the little girls reported to me, 'Miss Husman, Doris Evans called you an "Old Hen." ' They were shocked. I must have said or have done something that irritated Doris. Anyway, that was about as serious as any of our problems ever were.
"Vern Bauder was small for his age; but he always did his best. In the class room and on the playing field he worked to excel. Bonnie Moss was affectionate. She liked to give me hugs. George Swigart was quiet and serious, a good student.
"I remember one little first-grader who was not making good progress in learning to read. One day after school I walked over to his home in Pauline to talk to his mother. I told her of his problems and said that perhaps he was too young. His mother responded that she thought that it was good for him to be in school. Also, when he was there, she knew where he was. He stayed in school, and he did repeat the first grade. He did not seem unhappy.
"During one year in Pauline I caught the mumps from someone. My mother, a former teacher, substituted for me."
by Eleanor Husman Barrows
"During my years at Pauline I attended summer sessions at Hastings College. By 1938 I had saved enough money to go back to school full time. In 1938-39 I completed my courses for a B.A. degree," wrote Eleanor Husman Barrows. She went on to teach school at Norfolk, Hastings, and Grand Island, retiring in 1971. After raising five children, she and husband Delbert Barrows "bought a camper and went traveling to see the U.S.A."
"I am always happy to meet former students when I am out and about in Hastings and vicinity," Eleanor wrote in 1997.
"Miss Husman, she was my first-grade teacher. Then they got Miss Case. She couldn't keep order at all. Warren Fette called her 'Miss Farm-all'. Then they got Lois Krueger. She was pretty well-liked. She always had a smile all the time."
– J. Rolland Post, Jan. 29, 2016
Asked, decades later, about the "Old Hen" name-calling incident involving teacher Eleanor Husman, the late Doris Evans Alexander had no recollection of it, but did have many positive things to say
about her former teacher. The indomitable Doris did recall that, much to her chagrin, her mother insisted she wear long, cotton-flannel stockings to school. "Anything to make you miserable," Alexander said. Undaunted, she smuggled a pair of short socks out of the house and, before going to school, changed in the barn behind the Evans house. Prior to coming home for lunch she detoured through the barn where she'd stowed her long stockings, put them on again, then hastily made the switch once more before returning to school. Always, she had to calculate into her lunch hour the amount of time the two changes would take. Once school was dismissed, she headed for the barn and made her fourth and final change of the day.–As told to Carla S. Post, August, 2011
"Some incidents happened in school that stick in my mind tighter than wallpaper to the ceiling. The outstanding one held the highest score in humor. Lucille Hoosier was of very small and slender stature. Byron Clifton was a big boy for his years – probably 5'8" and
180 lbs. What this little teacher said to Byron I didn't gather, nor did I catch the answer he gave her, but it must have been too sharp to suit her. She struck at his face with an open hand but missed, as he drew back. She jumped up on the seat he sat in, still swinging at his head. Soon Barney's head was in the aisle and almost to the floor while his torso remained on the seat. Lucille by now was on top of Byron still flailing at his head and missing every pass. Byron's body was bearing all of Lucille's weight, for she was bent at the knees, her spike heels straight in the air. Sharp words I couldn't catch passed between these two during this exciting altercation, and suddenly Lucille played out and backed off. She walked back to her desk, sat down with her face in her arms over her desk and cried. I felt sorry for her, for she must have been terribly embarrassed. Byron straightened up in his seat, put his elbows on his desk, one hand each side his face and stared into space as though in a stupor."–Glen Parker, February 4, 1998, letter
"There was one teacher there that never did like me, and I never liked her. We didn't get along from the start."
–George Mohlman, as told to Carla Post, November 2011
"Gladys Phillips, she slapped the hell out of George Mohlman. No wonder he never graduated high school."
–Bernard Post, as told to Carla Post, 2011
The late Bernard Post recalled being slapped by teacher Gladys Phillips after putting his hand on her leg in an effort to get her attention. "I don't know why I did that, but I just wanted to get her attention. I just touched her leg. Other than that I never had any problems with her."
–Bernard Post, as told to Carla Post, July 2007
Pauline School had an active Parent-Teacher Association that staged regular programs and entertainments. Members also provided refreshments at most school functions, helping to raise much needed funds for scholarly endeavors. Student Glen Parker had a somewhat unique take on PTA:
"All I can remember about PTA meetings was that they were held once a month with a program of some sort for entertainment, a carry-in lunch. We stuffed our faces, sat around and beat our gums with each other for an hour or so, then went home. I remember hanging around outside for awhile to see if there wouldn't be a fistfight between a couple of those handsome 'gay blades' over some issue they didn't agree on (We had pretty girls those days, too.)."
–Glen Parker, 1936 Pauline High graduate; letter to Carla S. Post
"The regular May meeting of the Pauline P.T.A. will be held Tuesday evening in the Pauline High school building. Election of officers for the coming year will be held at this meeting."
–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, May 8, 1930.
Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Jones and Mrs. C.E. Story attended a P.T.A. convention at Central City, Friday.
–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, May 4, 1933
"The piano pupils of Miss Gladys Frisch gave their recital in the Pauline high school building Tuesday evening. Those participating were: Betty Ann Moore, Mary Harris, DeLores Sime, Ruth Evans, and Miss Freida Gartner. Lauretta Krull was unable to take part because of illness. Receipts from home made ice cream, cake and coffee served by the Pauline P. T. A. amounted to $9.25. This will be used towards purchasing curtains for the stage."
–Pauline Items by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, May 17, 1934
School plays and PTA programs were a vital part of school and community during the 1930s. Plays were held both at the Pauline Methodist Church, as well as the basement of the school,
which featured a stage with walkways and curtains. Backless benches for seating were located in the northwest basement corner, recalled Lamoine Brown, a former student. Pie, cake, and sandwiches were often served by the PTA. Newspaper lippings from the time, written by Pauline correspondent Roseanne Jones, best tell the story. Highlights include a particularly successful presentation of "The Ghost Chaser" by the senior class of 1933. Included with the newspaper accounts of the plays are visuals from a 1931 play program, courtesy of Mary Brown Van Boening."A Mother's Day program was given by the Pauline grammar room, Monday, May 15 after recess. The program was announced through an improvised microphone, recived(sic) through a minature(sic) radio, and presented by means of improvised television. Junior Chase acted as announcer for the program. The mothers present were Mrs. Bauder, Mrs. Carrel, Mrs. Swigart, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Grogan, Mrs. Chenoweth, Mrs. Erle Jones, Mrs. Richeson, Mrs. Baker, Mrs. Hibbler, Mrs. Breithaupt, Mrs. Sherman, Mrs. Post, Mrs. Clifton, Mrs. Krull, Mrs. Evans. Others present were Mrs. Story, Margaret Osgood, Thelma Chenoweth, Mrs. Eldon Miller, and Miss Burton.
–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, May 18, 1933
The teacher and pupils of the Primary room entertained their mothers at the school house Friday afternoon. They in turn then were also surprised when their mothers turned hostesses and served home made ice cream and cake.
–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, April 6, 1933
The Juniors of the Pauline high school presented their three act missionary comedy entitled "Soup, Sand and Sagebrush" in the church basement Thursday and Friday evenings. The cast included: Grandma Robinson, Vivian Watson; Evelyn and Ruth, granddaughters, Hazel Valentine and Ethel
Swigart; Aunt Mary, Carolyn Pavelka; Rev. Robinson, Melvin Osgood; Mrs. Robinson, Lucille Bauder; Mrs. Whitefeather, Albertus Lay; and an Indian boy, Lloyd Poen. On Thursday evening Miss Elmira Mieninger of Hastings sang a group of solos and Miss Lillis Boggs, also of Hastings, gave two readings. A male quartet made up of Shroer, Caley, Shroer and Breitfelder of Lawrence sang between acts. Total receipts from free-will offerings and lunch served amounted to about $20.–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, May 4, 1933
"Thursday evening, April 6, the seniors of the Pauline high school will present their three-act comedy entitled "The Ghost Chaser" in the basement of the church. No admission will be charged
but a free will offering will be received. Refreshments consisting of homemade ice cream and cake will be served. The class is made up of Maxine Burchess, Eleanor Smith, Elmer Merkel, Glenn Parker, Glenn Valentine, Wilda Moss."–"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, March 30, 1933
"The seniors of the Pauline high school presented their three-act comedy entitled, "The Ghost Chaser" in the church basement Thursday evening to an audience which taxed standing room, and thus necessitating their repeating the play again on Friday evening. Total receipts from free will offerings and lunch amounted to about twenty dollars. The cast included the entire class made up of Wilda Moss, Eleanor Smith, Maxine Burchess, Arthur Krull, Elmer Merkel, Glenn Parker and Glenn Valentine."
-"Pauline Items" by Mrs. Harvey Jones, The Hastings Democrat, April 13, 1933
"Moved by Mr. Paul Breithaupt and seconded by Mrs. Claude Harris that School Board make a charge of 10% receipts for all entertainments where there is a charge for admission. Motion was defeated by 16 votes for and 37 against said charge."
– Annual Meeting Minute Record (Voucher Register), June 11, 1934
Considering 21st-century economics, a glimpse back at District 8 revenues and expenditures make for some interesting reading. Record books show that the 1930-31 fiscal year began with $16.80 in the treasury. Tax revenues from the county treasurer added $3,900.00. State apportionment was $195.27. Tuition from other districts was $2,249.80; and $29.00 was attributed to other sources, for a total of $6,390.87 in receipts for that year. A total of $645.24 was spent on textbooks and school supplies; $132.63 was spent on library books; and $51.28 was paid for lunch and playground equipment. Unspecified new equipment expenditures came to $52.75, while repair and replacement of equipment came to $109.04. Area resident W.H. Moss earned $2.00 for "cleaning flags & express," according to a voucher register entry of 9-26-31. Included in the December 5, 1931 voucher register was a payment to storekeeper O.G. Evans for $12.64 for "stove and supplies." Building repairs and grounds upkeep totaled $353.79, and $42.50 was spent on insurance. Fuel costs came to $251.04. Fuel expenses during the 1932-33 school year included fifty cents, paid to J.G. Parker, father of student Glen Parker, for hauling coal.
Aggregate assessed valuation in June of 1933 was $326,296.00, according to the minute record of the June 12, 1933 annual meeting.
During the 1934-35 school year, storekeeper O. G. Evans was paid $8.83, which included $1.75 for janitorial supplies, $3.58 for paint,
and $3.50 for piano tuning. Area resident Art Post was paid $3.00 for cobs, which likely would have been used to stoke the boiler furnace. The first record of payment for utilities occurred on Nov. 6, 1934 when "City Electric Department" was paid $1.89. Likely, the school building was wired for electricity at this time, which coincides with the memory of the late Bernard Post, former student. The City Electric Department was paid $45.66 for lights during the year.A debt service bond in the amount of $500.00 with the county treasurer is shown for the 1934-35 school year, although no further details are available. A registered warrant in the amount of $1,000.00 was drawn on Sept. 10, 1935, and listed as not paid for want of funds; no further details are available.
The 1935-36 fiscal year began with $45.06 in the district treasury. Tax revenues from the county treasurer totaled $2,525.00; state apportionment was $250.09, and tuition from other districts was $625.50. A dividend from Pauline State Bank amounted to $42.03; and$2.00 was received from the Adams County Ag Association. Twenty dollars came from the county clerk for tobacco licenses held by local general merchandisers O.G. Evans and Jones & Son. Textbooks and school supplies cost $195.29; $1.00 was spent on library books; and $10.00 was paid for the school's commencement address. Lunch and playground equipment expenditures came to $31.00. Health examinations cost the district $22.00. Building repair and grounds upkeep totaled $75.52, while $43.26 was spent for lights, and $37.50 was spent on insurance.
During a portion of the 1930s, District 8 held a membership in the Nebraska High School Activities Association, as reflected in records of the 1936-37 school year, when $5.00 was paid to the organization. That same year, $12.00 was paid to the commencement speaker.
The 1938-39 treasurer's record shows a $3.23 expense to the Stump Printing Co. for stationery.
Receipts recorded during the decade included $3.20 from the junior and senior classes during the 1933-34 academic year. During the 1936-37 year, $2.90 was netted from local resident Carl Evans, relative to a community sale. Other receipts during 1936-37 included $58.00, a final dividend from the Pauline State Bank, which had gone into receivership in January of 1932. Official bank closure took place in January of 1937.
The late Edna Osgood Reiber was one of several District 8 students who would later return to Pauline School to teach. As a student, she attended
Pauline from about the fifth through the 10th grades. Graduating from Hastings High School in 1927 with a normal training certificate, she then had to take an exam in order to teach. She had not yet gotten the results back when she was offered a job at Little Blue Township's District 7 Union School, south of Pauline. Her pay was $60.00 a month. She recalled that county superintendent Martha Schulz was not happy about her beginning a teaching job with 17 students, some of whom were bigger than she. "But I got along fine," she said. Likewise, there were no disciplinary issues when she taught at Pauline.Edna taught two years at Union School, where there would be a program with singing, dialogue and skits at the end of each term. She then went on to teach at District 26, east of Pauline. One day, the Pauline board came to visit school. "Never did I apply for a school," she said. Board members would go out and visit teachers they were interested in hiring."
Edna taught Primary grades 1-4 at Pauline during the 1930-31 school year. Her room was on the south side
of the first floor. In 1998 she recalled, "I was jack of all trades, master of none." In addition to teaching, she said, "I was doctor, nurse, and I babysat with the little ones (after school) until their parents got home." She taught all subjects then required by law: geography, history, math, reading and penmanship. Edna's students had a little band in the room, led by student Delores Sime, who was gifted in music.By 1931, married women were allowed to teach school. However, Edna said, the law forbade teachers from tying the knot during the school year. "I was married with a very quiet wedding – May 9, 1931, a week before school was out," Edna wrote in 1998, noting that May 9 was also her mother's birthday. The director of the Pauline School board, William Moss, joked to Edna that he didn't have to give her a final paycheck because she'd gotten married during the term. Edna fired back, "That's OK. I don't need it now. I'm married!" In the end, she got her paycheck. Edna and Walt Reiber were married for 48 years. Together they farmed and reared three children, all of whom attended Pauline School.
"My first year in the upstairs grade (high school), I tripped at the top of the stairs and tumbled all the way down. I had on a full skirt, as slacks were not allowed then, and Edna Osgood Reiber and Leona Schafer, who taught downstairs, came rushing out and pulled the skirt from over my head and said, 'Oh my, she's bleeding!'. But it was only my lipstick."
~Lela Breithaupt Jones, May, 1998 letter to Carla Post
1930-31: L.V. Hogaboom, $135.00; Wilma Rutherford, $120; Leona Holcomb, $105.00; Edna Osgood, Reiber, $90.00; and Stella Kernan,
1931-32: L.V. Hogoboom, $135.00; Lucille Hosier, $110.00; Lydia Banks, $75.00; Leona Holcomb, $100.00; Stella Kernan, $27.50. Principal L.V. Hogoboom was also paid $20.00 a month for janitorial services.
1932-33: L.V. Hogoboom, $120.00; Gladys Frisch, $85.00; Leona Holcomb, $85.00; Leona Holcomb, $85.00; Mary Burton, $70.00. Principal L.V. Hogoboom was also paid $20.00 a month for janitorial services.
1933-34: Orion A. Fink, $80.00; Gladys Frisch, $75.00; Leona Schafer, $65.00; Eleanor Husman, $60.00. William Moore was paid $30.00 a month for janitorial services.
1934-35: Orion A. Fink, $80.00; Cathryn Nail, $70.00; Leona Schafer, $65.00; Eleanor Husman, $60.00. William Moore received $30.00 a month for janitorial services.
1935-36: Orion A. Fink, $80.00; Lucy A. Panek, $70.00; Leona Schafer, $65.00; Eleanor Husman, $60.00.
1936-37: Eleanor Husman, $65.00; Leona Schafer, $70.00; Onita Phillips, $70.00; Schuyler Phillips, $80.00. William Moore, janitor, was paid $30.00 a month.
1937-38: Eleanor Husman, $70.00; Leona Schafer, $75.00; Onita Phillips, $75.00; Schuyler Phillips, $85.00.
1937-38: Eleanor Husman, $70.00; Leona Schafer, $75.00; Onita Phillips, $75.00; Schuyler, $85.00. William Moore, janitor, received $30.00 a month.
1938-39: Bernice Case, $60.00; Leona Schafer, $75.00; Onita Phillips, $75.00; Schuyler Phillips, $85.00; William Moore, janitor, $30.00.
1939-40: Lois Kruger, $60.00; Earl Schmitz, $65.00; Onita Phillips, $80.00; Schuyler Phillips, $100.00; William Moore, janitor, $30.00.
"Claude was on the school board, and he always made sure the best qualified teachers were hired for the school. Their motto was 'To serve God and mankind to the best of our ability.' "
–"Claude Swigart", Pauline and Community, 1887 - 1987,
'A Trail in Time'
1930-31: W.H. Moss, $25.00, C.L. Swigart, $15.00, and C.G. Lofquist, $10.45.
1931-32: W.H. Moss, $25.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; and Cora G. Lofquist, $10.00.
1932-33: O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; Cora G. Lofquist, $10.00; John von Nordheim, director, $25.00.
1933-34: O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; John Reiber, moderator, $10.00; John von Nordheim, director, $25.00.
1934-35: John Reiber, moderator, $10.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; John von Nordheim, director, $25.00.
1935-36: John Reiber, moderator, $10.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; C.L. Swigart, director, $25.00.
1936-37: Art Sime, $10.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; C.L. Swigart, director, $25.00.
1937-38: Art Sime, $10.00; O.G. Evans, $15.00, treasurer; C.L. Swigart, director, $25.00.
1938-39: A.J. Sime, moderator, $10.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; C.L. Swigart, director, $25.00.
1939-40: Dan Schnuerle, moderator, $10.00; O.G. Evans, treasurer, $15.00; C.L. Swigart, director, $25.00.
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